DISCLOSE Act The Clash of the Viewpoints

Because of the current situation in American economics concerning taxation and spending the governmental funds, people demand precise information on the money that has been spent on the electoral campaigns. Since people demand complete clarity in the political moves of the parties and the specified leaders, the government has decided to meet their numerous requests. The new policy has now being emerging; however, it has already awakened hot discussions in the political sphere.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on DISCLOSE Act: The Clash of the Viewpoints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On April 2010 the new concept was introduced by Chris Van Hollen in the House of Representatives. The solution that the new law suggested was rather simple, but demanding a lot of changes to be taken to adjust the new law to the sphere of politics and economics. It was expected to cause multiple consequences, both inspiring and not qui te desirable; however, the main issue about it was that it promised the new democratic way of holding the elective companies on the territory of the USA. The new law implied that the unions that represented the electors themselves (the trade union, and the communities alike) should have the right to control the funds donated for the election campaigns for the candidates for the president’s chair. Earlier, this money was controlled only by the committees that did not allow ordinary people to see how the funds raised for the election campaigns were distributed. The purpose of the act was to make the campaigns as clear as possible following the principles of democracy proclaimed by the U.S. Constitution. With this noble idea, Barak Obama proclaimed on April, 26 2010 that the new Act has come into effect with the new on-coming elections. However, the procedure that preceded the act becoming effective in the USA was not simple. The numerous debates concerning the pros and cons of the Act are still going on causing a great stir in the political life of the United States. Like any other law, it does have its positive and negative aftereffects. Coming closer to analyzing it, it would be more reasonable to start with the drawbacks of the new law. First, it â€Å"burdens the ability to speak†, as the opponents claim. With the trade unions controlling the funds, as the court claimed, there might be the tendency to give the necessary support to the preferred candidate, while another party might be left with very little opportunity to gain some weight in the eyes of the electorate (Legislative Background on Campaign Finance 201).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, it seemed quite doubtful that there will be no other mischief actions carried out. For example, together with the opportunity of controlling the elections campaigns the possibility of creating t he so-called â€Å"shadow groups† can rise. The abovementioned groups can pose a serious threat to the existing democracy, taking control over the election process and pulling the necessary strings to promote the desired candidate against the will of the population. Prohibiting â€Å"independent expenditures and payments for electioneering communications by government contractors† (Summary of the DISCLOSE Act. Major Provisions of H. R. 5175 p.199), the DISCLOSE Act unwillingly encouraged the notorious â€Å"shadow groups† to appear. The threat to the stability of the country would be enormous in this case. (Campaign Finance Timeline. Evolution of Current Policy 224) Third, it has been argued that the additional money contributed to the election campaigns might float to those who will control the process of the elections. As it can be easily seen, the risk that the Act would have a range of negative effects was substantial. However, it cannot be denied that it ha s a lot of reasons to be established as the guide to holding elections in the USA. Several arguments make introduction of the Act seem quite reasonable. To start with, the new law has the advantage of being open and speaking to the democracy, which is supposed to be the basis for all the political and economical processes that are going on in the country. The fact is undeniable, and it speaks for the act to be adopted as the new law. (The Citizens United Ruling and the legislative Response 196) Second, it cannot be doubted that the restrictions on the governmental control are much loosened in this case. Thus, the both parties, that are the nation and the government, are satisfied with the input that they make to the electoral company. The procedure itself stays open to the population, and the people have opportunity to observe it. In turn, the government does not influence directly the opinions and actions of the citizen, but is able to observe the overall situation so as to mark th e unjust events that may occur and correct them. Thus, the Act is the way to reach the harmony between the citizens’ and the government’s interests (New Statutes Effecting Alterations in the Law).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on DISCLOSE Act: The Clash of the Viewpoints specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Third, the DISCLOSE Act is expected to â€Å"mitigate the impact of the Citizens United decision† (Campaign Finance and Free Speech193). As the effects of the Citizens United are at the moment quite difficult to evaluate, there are concerns that the DISCLOSURE Act will be needed to manage these effects (The Citizens United Ruling and the Legislative Response 198). To sum up, the new law has the points that can be taken as the factors of the positive effects. They are rather numerous, and they might contribute to the future of the country in the most positive sense. Those are mainly based on th e ideas of the democratic rules that are the chief asset of the USA. However, there are certain controversial moments that can drive the situation to another conflict and spoil the idea of the just elections. As it has been mentioned, If the DISCLOSE Act fails to become law, the Citizens United decision is likely to have a major impact on the upcoming mid-term congressional elections and on how political campaigns are conducted in the future. (Campaign Finance and Free Speech 193) It seems that only the time will show if the new law will help the country to advance the system of elections. But still the prerequisites tell that the new act will be a huge step towards development of a system of elections that will serve to the needs and interests of the population. Works Cited â€Å"Campaign Finance and Free Speech. Response to the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Decision.† Congressional Digest  Sep. 2010: 193. Print. â€Å"Campaign Finance Timeline. Evolution of Current Policy.† Congressional  Digest Sep. 2010: 224. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Legislative Background on Campaign Finance. Recent Action in Congress.†Ã‚  Congress Digest Sep. 2010: 201. Print. â€Å"New Statutes Effecting Alterations in the Law†. The Legal Observer, Digest,  and Journal of Jurisprudence. Vol. 46. Spettigue and Farrance. 1853. Web. â€Å"Summary of the DISCLOSE Act. Major Provisions of H. R. 5175.†Ã‚  Congressional Digest Sep 2010: 199-200, 224. Print. â€Å"The Citizens United Ruling and the Legislative Response. Overview and Issues for Debate.† Congressional Digest Sep. 2010: 195-198. Print. This essay on DISCLOSE Act: The Clash of the Viewpoints was written and submitted by user Martha Hardy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Steps to Create Your Own Career Path

5 Steps to Create Your Own Career Path Whether you’re a recent grad trying to plan your next steps, hoping to move up in the ranks in your current office, a career changer who’s ready for new professional opportunities, or returning to the workforce after time away, The National Association of Professional Women has provided a list of planning tips to get you started! Step 1: EvaluateFirst things first–begin by taking stock of your current job or skill-set; are there potential opportunities for advancement? Are you satisfied there? Do you need to look into new certifications or positions that might interest you more?Step 2: Write It DownWhether you like to write on paper or type a note in your phone, capture your brainstorming in some visual way so you can refer back to it regularly. It’s the best way to hold yourself accountable to your list of goals and career objectives.Step 3: NetworkFrom senior colleagues to mentors from past educational or professional opportunities, chances are you alrea dy know people who can help you learn more about the field you’re hoping to enter or advance in. Ask questions, take people out for coffee, reconnect online, and attend local career fairs in search of advice and behind-the-scenes insights. Your friends and co-workers can’t help you find it if they don’t know what you’re looking for!Step 4: Seek HelpYou may want to consider working with a professional career coach, who can assess your background and potential objectively, to help prepare and motivate your quest to make significant career changes. Temp agencies may also be able to help you find short term gigs that pay the bills, fill your resume and keep you busy.Step 5: Monitor and ReviewChange doesn’t happen overnight–check in with your list of goals, be patient, and take it from the National Association of Professional Women–â€Å"Remember, be flexible, stay positive and keep forging ahead.†Remember to take good care of yours elf too–whether you’re searching for an entirely new job or hoping to make changes in your current role, it can be stressful and time-consuming, but taking the time to self-evaluate and make a wish-list can help you stay focused and identify opportunities to make progress.5 Steps to Creating a Career Path That Will Work For YouRead More at The Business Journals–

Invented Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Invented Tradition - Essay Example In the mid 19th century the war between British and China has caused the leader of the British to concede. This was about the legalization of the opium by the Western to sell it to the drug addicts in China. Like in the present situation marijuana and other addicting substance are being sold anywhere. Racism is one of the invented traditions that are important in the development of the Asia or the Orient. It is one of the problematic notions in the Western. From the 19th century until now Westerns or the Europeans and Americans tends to look one person based on its race or history. The racism in Asian or the orient is not evident since they can adopt in different cultural norms and values. China for example has become successful today because of hard work and cooperation without tracing the race or beginnings. It is an invented tradition which may not help the development of a nation. The traditions can be grafted from the old ones. The western notion about race can still be adopted in a different ways. The traditional song or folksong can be the basis of identification of a certain nationality. In the past Asian such as the Philippines has several folksongs helping it in identifying the country. By this invented tradition several composers and writers have been able to compose several songs which was taken from the past and continued in the present. This song from the Western colony has been reorganized or arranged to adopt in the culture of the Asians. The historical development of the song from the Western notion has been changed thru repetitive arrangement of the song and several corrections on it. Now Asians or the Orient has its identity from the invented traditions of songs. Religions in the past are also a significant factor in the history of the Asians under the Europeans. Catholics before are devoted, the invented tradition of religion in western notion of Asians has been changed by changing several writings about the Bible. The result of several religious groups today maybe traced from the past. The war in the religion maybe the cause of different beliefs arises from the culture they are living. Before Westerns are believed to be Catholic, but now different groups with different names is arising adopting their beliefs from the Catholic. Invented tradition is useful since from the past we will be able to solve several problems from the present. The invented tradition may serve as an evidence of the present problem that can be solved by studying the past and the origin of the tradition. The problem in the racism as stated above can be solved by tracing back the tradition of the past. The history of the songs written and the national anthem of every nation can be understood by analyzing the past. Thru invented tradition the understanding about human relation will be clearly analyzed. Discrimination in certain western area can be prevented by tracing the past of such belief to the present situation of the Asian people in a western soil. The western notion about the niger or the black race can be changed by presenting the history of the Asian or the Orient. 2. What role has power and hierarchy

Mordern database Managment assignment Four Essay

Mordern database Managment assignment Four - Essay Example Presently there have been extensive growth in the use and development in the database technology. Additionally, this new and advanced technology of the database is used to manage large volumes of organizational and business data. In addition, the utilization of database technology and systems in supporting applications that used to handle the business and query based report production is the basic traditional utilization of this technology. Though, the size as well as volume of data being handled increases new and interesting concerns. Presently this technology is used to facilitate businesses in attaining effective competitive advantage and underlying business processes. This new database technology also helps improve business processes and decision making. Moreover, at the present businesses are using the database based business intelligence systems such as data warehouse, data mining tools, and OLAP technology (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). I have selected the topic which is related to use of data warehousing technology structure implementation at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a world’s largest retail store chain. This paper is written by Patrick  ¨ Ohlinger with title of â€Å"Wal-Mart’s Data Warehouse† This paper can be accessed using following link: http://www.derbaum.com/tu/WalMarts%20DWH.pdf. In this paper Ohlinger (2006) stated that the use of data warehousing technology at Wal-Mart is offering a lot of advantages to its business. The new technology based working structure has offered a lot of business advantages to overall operational management and the business. In this scenario the use of the data warehousing technology offers better support for the analysis of customer buying behavior, which leads to effective formulation of the policies by the Wal-Mart management to present more attractive deals to its customer

Chapter 1 Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter 1 Summary - Essay Example 2), people who argue in favor of heterosexual and homosexual cohabitate relations tend to define marriage as a mere â€Å"union between people† whether it is legally recognized or not. A family is understood as a group of people ‘related by blood, marriage or adoption†; however, most of the Americans tend to accept the broader definition of family where cohabitation also is accepted (Schwartz & Scott, 2010, p. 3). The types of families in America vary from family of orientation, family of procreation, nuclear family to extended or multigenerational family. Racially and ethnically mixed families, lesbian and gay families and foster families do exist in America. The authors argue that factors such as race, class, ethnicity and gender have caused large amount of social, political and economic inequalities among families in the nation and as a result many families feel themselves as inferior. The social functions that families serve include â€Å"regulation of sexual behaviour, reproduction, social placement, socialization, economic cooperation and the provision of care, protection and intimacy for family members† (Schwartz & Scott, 2010, p. 5). There exists contradiction between the traditional family values and those propagated by educational systems. The breakdown of families and moral decay would result in most contemporary social ills such as HIV/AIDS, divorce, drug abuse and violence and the growing number of divorces, lesbian gay relations, unmarried mothers and incest add to these contrasting views on marriage. Studies and researches have shown that the concept of family life in America is very much clouded by myths. According to the authors, these myths, though they sound to be ‘dysfunctional or dangerous’, are ‘middle-class myths’ that are propagated by the mass media (Schwartz & Scott, 2010, p. 9). The major four debunking myths are discussed below: The concept of universal nuclear family found wide acceptance in the 1950s and 1960s. The

Social Policies Poverty And Social Exclusion

Social Policies Poverty And Social Exclusion This essay will discuss Poverty and social exclusion. There will be a brief explanation of the terms that will be used throughout the essay. As we know, there are many writers who express their views; therefore references will be used to explore different writers understanding on certain subjects. Firstly it will focus on poverty and discuss different meanings in relation to poverty. Then secondly, it will look at different policies that have been an influence on poverty and social exclusion. Thirdly, it will consider all different factors that link to poverty and social exclusion. Finally, it will summarise the answer to the original question and discuss what has been covered throughout the essay. Social Policy is a subject that relates to the welfare state, human well being and other factors that influence human well being. It includes many policies relating to: housing, education, benefits and other related policies that are put in place for the welfare of state and its people. Social Policies have been changing from time to time; therefore as social workers, it is important to be up-to-date. Policies are implemented by all people: employees, workers and general public. They promote and improve the welfare state as well as human living. This will be looked at in more detail later on. The concept of Poverty can be described in two ways: the state of an individual whom may not be able to acquire the basic necessities such as: food, shelter and warmth. Another definition of poverty is when a certain part of society feels or is excluded. Blakemore and Griggs discuss that: One way of seeing poverty as relative is to say that people who have incomes below half the national average are poor (2007 p: 98). This could mean that one may have the basic necessities but lack involvement within the community, social life or living a luxurious lifestyle, which is also known as Relative poverty. It is important that society is made aware of what poverty is and the role of different Social policies that are administered to tackle poverty and related issues such as social exclusion. Social Exclusion itself is the result of poverty in most cases. One of the best definition that describes social exclusion was expressed by Child Poverty Action Group by Walker and Walker(2007): Social exclusion refers to the dynamic process of being shut out, fully or partially, from any of the social, economic, political and cultural systems which determine the social integration of the person in society. Social policies were created for the purpose of stability and equality in society. One of the main aims was to change the environment the individuals live in and to enhance their lives, through which social inclusion would be applied. Although there are different Policies, there principles remain the same throughout all administered policies, which is to promote Equality through three processes: Fairness, Equity and Equal of Opportunity. In the early 1940s, Beveridge report was put in place to reform social policy. Beveridge introduced child benefits, taxation and benefits for those who are unemployed. This was done through a weekly contribution of those who worked. It shows with admirable clarity and directness how involuntary poverty can be abolished from British social life by a redistribution of about one-tenth of the national output of goods and services in favour of those citizens whose needs are greatest (Owen, 1943, p743). Another policy that was introduced later in 1990s was The Third Way. This policy focuses on two aspects: to make work pay and to strengthen responsibility and community. It conveys the message that the reform of welfare systems is a moral enterprise that requires personal and emotional commitment by those engaged in its implementations (Jordan, 2000). This involved focusing more on means- tested benefits and provide more support to low- wage workers through a tax system. The welfare programme looks at reformation by adopting tough enforcement methods in which the public is directed towards getting trained, qualifications and employment. Bailey (2006) looks at the employment, poverty and exclusion. He touches upon the topic of welfare benefits and labour market. He discusses that Organisation for Economic Cooperation (OECD) policy statements have increased its focus on individuals having positive financial motivation to work, and move away from welfare benefits. They have introduced support through personal advisers for those who are unemployed. Also, Levitas (1998) mentions that although unemployment has had a negative impact on individual welfare, the Government argues that it is encouraging people to work, as it promotes the necessity of social inclusion through paid work. Social exclusion is the result of poverty, as mentioned earlier. However poverty is linked to many complex factors that play a huge part in peoples lives. Majority of the factors are linked to one another, this creates more of a cycle that is hard to break unless policies are not implemented. Pierson mentions that Social exclusion is a process that deprives individuals and families, groups and neighbourhoods of the resources required for participation in the social, economic and political activity of society as a whole (Pierson 2002:7). Some of the components to social exclusion are: low income, unemployment, poor housing, and poor environment. Adams (2002) discusses that the higher risk of unemployment and low pay, the more likely they are to face poverty in comparison to other population. Several people who are unemployed suffer from deprivation in many areas. For many people, employed work and its loss have great significance, since they define themselves, and achieve social status. Vast people and families do care if they earn money and provide for the family. This involves the self esteem as well as their perception of their own status. In relation to this, Adam also discusses that unemployed people are more likely to experience poverty than others, all because of their low benefit entitlement, which would disable them from social activities. Since social workers are asked to develop a critical understanding of employment policies, it is important to understand such issues that relate to unemployment. Sheppard (2006 p: 17) mentions that there are factors such as: neglect of proper care, drug abuse, crime as well as families and parents that are single and broke contribute towards excluding people socially. Those people were classed as outsiders due to the amount of inadequate socialisation. He emphasised on the fact that parents are the central and that more commitment in childcare should be made to tackle the social exclusion issue. Sheppard also includes the argument that poverty brought many excluding effect: low levels of food and nutrition, mental as well as physical poor health and not to mention deprived environments. Therefore even if they maintained their hopes and desires to enter a more socially accepted lifestyles, it would be with such great difficulty. He uses the example of a homeless person applying for benefits without an address. Payne (2006) focuses on the mental health element. She relatively talks about how Department of Health identifies mental health problems as one of the factors that influence poverty that associate with social exclusion. Payne also explores people with mental health should be included rather than excluded as social exclusion and poverty will only increase the mental ill health, therefore through this way, mental ill health could be decreased. In relation to this, strategies are set out to identify ways of getting people with mental ill health to explore the working environment; housing and community involvement, which may influence their mental ill health in a more positive way. As we can see, Social Exclusion is a widespread subject that covers many areas of Poverty. The question still arises: Are Social Policies the product of history and not logic. This essay has looked at different policies and approaches that have been made to improve the welfare state. This essay may have justified that it is the product of history and not logic. However, some may argue that Social Policies are the product of history and logic combined together. Either way, this essay surely proves that policies have been and will change from time to time for the purpose of a better welfare state.

Ambiguity in Reason in Orlando Furioso Essay -- Orlando Furioso Essays

Ambiguity in Reason in Orlando Furioso  Ã‚   Ariosto addresses an underlying battle between reason and lust in Orlando Furioso, similar to the clash between duty and desires in Vergil’s Aeneid, yet opposite in interpretation. Vergil presents the message that duty overpowers desires, while Ariosto shows the opposite effect when he equates reason, rules, and authority with duty, and love, passion, and lust with desire. The "mettlesome charger" represents Lust that will not stop fighting to obtain its goals and cannot be gently coerced from its direction. Reason rarely overcomes Lust after it is set into action; once it is "tasted" it cannot be forgotten. Bradamant is torn between lust and reason when she must choose between her desires for Ruggiero and her filial duties. Aymon and Beatrice represent authority, thus set the tone for reason; but Rinaldo, Bradamant, and Ruggiero challenge their supremacy. Ariosto ultimately questions the validity of authoritative reason since Bradamant must thwart filial duty and pursue her o wn passions to fulfill her destiny. When Rinaldo promises Bradamant’s hand to Ruggiero in marriage, controversy surfaces. Rinaldo feels indebted to Ruggiero for his great deeds, which include saving the lives of Richardet, Maugis, and Vivian. Rinaldo has only good intentions in mind when he takes a stand, and "[he] truly [believes] that Aymon [will] be pleased to contract such a kinship." (44.11) However, his prediction proves false; Aymon angrily receives the news. Not only does he have plans of his own for Bradamant’s future, he is enraged that Rinaldo "[dares] to marry off his daughter without consulting him" (44.36). Aymon prefers to give Bradamant’s hand to Constantine’s son Leo because he has the grea... ...duty expressed through Merlin’s prophecy. Following the reason of authority, this goal would never have been met, however, relying on the reason of the heart, it is. Ariosto suggests that rules are refined rather than broken when they are not followed, because the authority, which sets them into play, can be less valid than the passions driving the "counter" action. The student may wish to begin the paper with the quote below: "A mettlesome charger will often suffer himself to be reined in from a gallop however gentle the hand on the rein. Seldom however, will the bridle of Reason check rabid Lust once it scents its quarry. It is like a bear: there is no distracting him from the honey once he has sniffed at it or tasted a drop left in the jar." (Canto 11.1) Works Cited Ariosto. Orlando Furioso. Trans. Waldman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983

Research Proposal on Consumer Decision Analysis Essay

Primary research objective To determine the factors influencing the consumer decision while buying fruit drinks in the age group 17-30 in the city of Pune. Secondary research objective †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ To determine the product attributes influencing purchase decision of fruit drink brands. To determine the reasons for consuming various fruit drink brands. To determine the most preferred SKU(quantity) in fruit drink category. To determine the most preferred channel in the fruit drink category. Data which research plans to generate Factors influencing the choice of fruit drinks over other beverages. Factors influencing choice of a particular fruit drink brand. Factors influencing the choice of a particular channel in fruit drink category. Value of Information to Management This report aims to generate information on various factors influencing consumer decision while purchasing a fruit drink. Companies can utilise this information for identifying the awareness levels of their respective brands in the fruit drink category. Also companies can evaluate their positioning and promotion strategies based on the factors influencing the choice of a particular fruit drink brand. Companies can also utilise the factors influencing the choice of SKU for managing their portfolio of different SKUs in the fruit drink category. The information on factors influencing the choice of a channel can be used to focus on the growing channels and also in managing existing channels. This report also contains broad based trends on consumer profile, awareness levels, usage patterns and fruit drink category as a whole which can be utilised to make inferences about the future. Research Approach Data collection methods. a) Secondary Research External secondary data has been generated to obtain volume of sales regarding beverage markets, fruit drinks, each of the brands and the positioning of each of the brands. b) Survey Research †¢ †¢ †¢ Data was collected from candidates using questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed in colleges and people on the street. I distributed the questionnaires outside the shops to gather data from people who had come to visit there. I made an online questionnaire and circulated on the internet and gathered results from those. Measurement Instruments: †¢ The measurement instrument in the questionnaire was a five point Likert scale. †¢ †¢ †¢ Apart from details regarding their choice of drink for refreshment, their frequency of visits and the channels they choose, their spending patterns will also be mapped. The data was extracted and put in MS Excel. All the further analysis was then carried out using SPSS. The measurement was designed to get a fair idea about the various attributes and conducted factorial analysis of the important attributes. Samples The aim was to collect 100 samples for the analysis. The samples should be such that they are consumers of fruit drinks. I also tried to get an adequate ratio of men and women in the samples. The main demographics targeted were the younger age group as they are more health conscious and aware of such health drinks. Also I tried to focus more on the college going crowd and young professionals as they would be more interested in trying out new products and were more conscious. Buyers who have been consuming fruit drinks were better able to answer the questions regarding the influencing factors and the reasons for their consumption and purchase. The samples collected from internet have also been very valuable in the research. Analysis Techniques †¢ †¢ †¢ The analysis techniques used have been on SPSS and the tests were performed to ascertain the factors influencing the consumer decision while buying fruit drinks. Factor analysis was conducted to discern out of the 13 factors mainly which factors influence the buying habits of the consumers. Ultimately I identified 5 factors which mainly have an influence. I also conducted correlation tests to find out the various reasons for purchasing any particular brand of fruit drink. The main limitation is the sampling conducted. It was done in a random manner and no particular technique followed. In the first survey a greater number of college students have been surveyed. The data might not be representative of the entire population. Limitations: †¢ †¢ †¢ Various statistical techniques as learned have been implemented and conclusions as best possible have been drawn making few assumptions as and when required. Since no data was on interval or ratio scale it was not feasible to conduct Regression and ANOVA. Factor Analysis The Perceptual mapping for various factor recognized: Rotated Component Matrix(a) Component health and media convenience product features package design hygiene influence range_flavours 0. 112 -0. 069 0. 847 -0. 056 0. 033 availability 0. 011 0. 001 0. 82 0. 009 0. 042 brandambassador 0. 633 -0. 072 -0. 253 -0. 118 0. 3 visual_packg 0. 084 0. 072 0. 062 -0. 023 0. 872 price -0. 14 0. 003 0. 088 0. 691 0. 438 quantityavailable 0. 108 0. 643 0. 041 -0. 181 0. 06 promotionschemes -0. 08 0. 856 -0. 039 0. 172 -0. 032 packetcleanliness 0. 926 0. 004 0. 152 -0. 013 -0. 014 brandvalue -0. 116 0. 794 -0. 159 0. 125 -0. 028 nutritionvalue 0. 778 -0. 074 -0. 043 0. 067 -0. 088 flavour 0. 147 0. 118 -0. 113 0. 779 -0. 261 adfreq -0. 065 0. 8 0. 052 0. 046 0. 066 expirydate 0. 805 -0. 009 0. 244 0. 04 0. 043 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations. The factors recognized after the factor analysis are as under: Factor 1: Health and Hygiene 1. Packet cleanliness 2. Nutrition Value 3. Expiry Date Factor 2: Media Influence 1. Promotion Schemes 2. Brand Value 3. AD Frequency Factor 3: Convenience 1. Range of flavors 2. Availability Factor 4: Product Features 1. Price 2. Flavor Factor 5: Package Design 1. Visual Packaging Attributes those were not important: 1. Brand Ambassador 2. Quantity Available †¢ The perceptual maps show the mapping of different factors in the minds of the customers and the association between them. The data was reduced from many attributes to 5 factors that have similar attributes. The various factors mapped according to the rotated results of factor analysis. The factors were given names based on the attributes in them. These factors were used to form the factor analysis where two factors were mapped on X and Y axis to know the relation between them. †¢ †¢ The factors help the company to know how the product is currently mapped in the customer’s mind. If a target consumer is focused upon then the factors can be changed and a different map can be formed. The attribute brand ambassador and package sizes available are not a major attribute in any of the factors. This justifies the fact that almost all the major fruit drinks are not endorsed by any of the big brand ambassador barring a few such as minute maid pulpy orange (Nikhil Chinappa ) . Also the variety of the package sizes available is not affecting the consumer decision while making a purchase for fruit drinks. †¢ CrossTabs 1. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS SKU PREFERRED. Crosstab Count SKU 200 ml purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 25 15 7 11 58 300 ml 2 6 1 1 10 500 ml 5 6 4 5 20 1 litre 2 0 4 6 12 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases a. 19. 117a 20. 380 8. 109 100 df 9 9 1 sided) . 024 . 016 . 004 10 cells (62. 5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1. 60. Since p value is less than alpha i. e. .05 (95% confidence level), therefore h0 is rejected. This shows that there is high association between purchase frequency and SKU or quantity packs. This is an indication of the fact that people preferring smaller SKUs usually purchase more as compared to others. Thus high association between purchase frequency and SKU (pack sizes ) is established . 2. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS GENDER purchasefrequency * gender Crosstabulation Count gender male purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 19 18 12 17 66 female 15 9 4 6 34 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 2. 776a 2. 776 2. 387 100 df 3 3 1 sided) . 428 . 427 . 122 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5. 44. Since p value is greater than alpha i. e. o. 05 (95% confidence level), therefore there is no association between purchase frequency and gender. 3. CHOICE OF CHANNEL VS FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CHANNEL channel * reasonforchannel Crosstabulation Count reasonforchannel Pricing channel Retail store Supermarket Cineplex Restaurants Travel Pan shops Others Total 4 4 1 1 1 0 1 12 Ambience 8 6 0 3 2 2 0 21 Nearness 23 6 0 1 1 0 0 31 Service 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Display 13 6 2 3 1 0 0 25 Reputation 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 Occasion 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 Total 54 23 5 9 5 2 2 100. Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 68. 211a 50. 165 1. 108 100 df 36 36 1 sided) . 001 . 059 . 293 a. 43 cells (87. 8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 02. Here p value is less than alpha i. e. 0. 05 (95% confidence level) therefore Ho is rejected. This shows that there is high association between choice of channel and factors affecting the choice of channel. This gives an indication such that those people who consider availability and nearness as their factor affecting the choice of channel might prefer buying fruit drink from retail stores or grocery stores. Thus a high association is established. CROSSTABS OF PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS REASONS FOR HAVING FRUIT DRINKS I conducted crosstabs of purchase frequency with the scores /ranking given by various respondents to the various reasons for drinking fruit drinks such as socialisation, refreshment, enjoyment, mental lift, attitude, basic thirst, taste etc. out of all these crosstabs association was found between two cases. The two cases have been given below: 1. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS REFRESHMENT purchasefrequency * refreshment Crosstabulation Count refreshment neither agree nor strongly disagree purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 20 18 9 8 55 disagree 7 6 7 12 32 disagree 5 0 0 2 7 agree 2 1 0 1 4 strongly agree 0 2 0 0 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 628a 23. 332 . 108 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 056 . 025 . 742 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 32. Since p value is less than alpha (95% confidence level) thus there is high association between refreshment purpose and purchase frequency. This might be an indication of the fact that people drinking fruit drinks for refreshment purpose generally buy more as compared to others. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS BASIC THIRST purchasefrequency * basicthirst Crosstabulation Count basicthirst neither agree nor strongly disagree purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 6 11 3 11 31 disagree 15 6 9 9 39 disagree 7 6 0 2 15 agree 5 4 4 0 13 strongly agree 1 0 0 1 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100. Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 262a 26. 177 4. 223 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 062 . 010 . 040 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 32. Since p value is less than alpha (95%) therefore there is high association between purchase frequency and basic thirst /filling purpose. This might be an indication of the fact that people drinking fruit drinks for basic thirst / filling purpose generally buy more as compared to others. Correlation Correlation of the various brands (i. e. Appy, Real, Tropicana etc) was done with various reasons for drinking such as refreshment, enjoyment, vitality, mental lift etc. I tried to identify the various reasons that are correlated with various brands . This activity basically helped us in identifying the perception and connotations of people towards various fruit drink brands. Following are some of the inferences that I established after conducting the correlation analysis. 1. There was a significant correlation between brand Real and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Health †¢ Enjoyment †¢ Attitude 2. There was a significant correlation between brand Tropicana and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Health †¢ Enjoyment 3. There was a significant correlation between brand Maaza and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Attitude 4. There was a no correlation between brand Slice and the various reasons for drinking. 5. There was a significant correlation between brand Appy and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Socialising 6. There was a significant correlation between brand Frooti and the following reasons for drinking: †¢ Taste †¢ Mental lift 7. There was a significant correlation between brand Mangola and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Taste †¢ Mental lift 8. There was a significant correlation between brand Pulpy Orange and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Attitude 9. There was a significant correlation between brand Twister and the following reasons for drinking: †¢ Taste †¢ Mental lift 10. There was a significant correlation between brand Others (ex. Lehberry etc.) and the following reasons for drinking : †¢ Attitude †¢ Basic thirst Conclusion On the basis of the data collected and the tests conducted I have arrived at the following conclusions: With the help of correlation I was able to identify the attributes that consumers associate with the various fruit drinks and which in turn drive their purchase decision for the same. For example Tropicana is associated with health and enjoyment whereas Appy is associated with socialising. These reflect the perceptions of the various fruit drinks in the mind of the consumers. The crosstab between purchase frequency and SKU showed that those purchasing smaller SKU’s purchase more frequently as compared to those who purchased a 500ml or 1litre. On the other hand there is no impact of gender on purchasing frequency for fruit drinks. There is a high association between the channels preferred and the factors affecting these channels. The most important factor came out to be location or nearness of the channel. There is also a high association between purchase frequency and reasons for consuming fruit drinks such as refreshment and fulfilling basic thirst. In factor analysis I found out 5 factors which mainly have an impact on the purchase of a fruit drink. There were two factors which did not have any significant impact. Also, I found out that the most preferred channel for purchase in retail stores. The most preferred SKU is 200ml packs which could be due to convenience. The most preferred drink is Frooti followed by Tropicana and Real. Annexure Perceptual Maps: 1. Health & Hygiene Vs Media Influence 0. 778 health and hygiene -0. 08 0. 926 -0. 116 0. 778 -0. 065 0. 805 media/external influence 0. 856 0. 004 0. 794 -0. 074 0. 8 -0. 009.promotionschemes packetcleanliness brandvalue nutritionvalue adfreq expirydate 2. Health & Hygiene Vs Convenience health and hygiene range_flavours availability packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue expirydate 0. 112 0. 011 0. 926 0. 778 0. 805 convenience 0. 847 0. 82 0. 152 -0. 043 0. 244 3. Health & Hygiene Vs Product Features health and hygiene price packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue flavour expirydate -0. 14 0. 926 0. 778 0. 147 0. 805 product features 0. 691 -0. 013 0. 067 0. 779 0. 04 4. Media Influence Vs Convenience media influence range_flavours availability -0. 069 0. 001 convenience 0. 847 0. 82.promotionschemes brandvalue adfreq 0. 856 0. 794 0. 8 -0. 039 -0. 159 0. 052 5. Media Influence Vs Product Features media influence price promotionscheme s brandvalue flavour adfreq 0. 003 0. 856 0. 794 0. 118 0. 8 product features 0. 691 0. 172 0. 125 0. 779 0. 046 6. Convenience Vs Product Feature convenience range_flavours availability price flavour 0. 847 0. 82 0. 088 -0. 113 product features -0. 056 0. 009 0. 691 0. 779 7. Health & Hygiene Vs Package Design visual_packg packetcleanline ss nutritionvalue expirydate health and package hygiene design 0. 084 0. 872 0. 926 -0. 014 0. 778 0. 805 -0. 088 0. 043 8. Media Influence Vs Package Design media/external package influence design visual_packg 0. 072 0. 872 promotionscheme 0. 856 -0. 032 s brandvalue 0. 794 -0. 028 adfreq 0. 8 0. 066 9. Convenience Vs Package Design range_flavou rs convenience package design 0. 847 0. 033 availability visual_packg 0. 82 0. 062 0. 042 0. 872 10. Product features Vs Package design product features visual_pack g price flavour -0. 023 0. 691 0. 779 package design 0. 872 0. 438 -0. 261 Questionnaire: QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Whom do you buy fruit drinks for? (Tick one) a) Myself b) Family c) Children d) Institutional purposes / social occasions 2. a) b) c) d) 3. a) b) c) d) How often do you have a fruit drink? 1-3 times a week 4-6 times a week More than 6 times a week Rarely (fortnightly ) What quantity do you usually prefer to buy? 200-250 ml (Tetrapak) 300 ml 500 ml bottle 1 litre 4. Through which medium did you come to know about your preferred fruit drink brand? a) Hoardings and banners b) Newspaper and magazines c) TV/radio d) Word of mouth e) Others †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Do the following reasons influence your consumption of fruit drinks? Strongly Disagree Neither Agree disagree agree nor REASONS disagree For social occasions / entertainment It acts as a refreshment. Strongly Agree It provides enjoyment It tastes very good It satisfies my basic thirst and is filling I feel a sense of well being after consuming it It gives me vitality and energy It relaxes me mentally It reflects my attitude 6. Rank the following fruit drinks from 1 to 5, with 1 being least preferred and 5 being most preferred: a) Real †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b) Tropicana †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ c) Maaza †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ d) Slice †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ e) Appy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ f) Frooti †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ g) Mangola †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ h) Pulpy orange †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i) Twister †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ j) Others †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7. How important are the following factors for purchasing a fruit drink? FACTORS Very less Less No important important Influenc e Important Very Important Flavor No. of flavors Availability and Convenience Price Cleanliness of packet/ not damaged Manufacturing date /expiry date Frequency of advertisement Brand ambassador Nutritional value/ calorie content Brand value /brand name SKUs available Promotion schemes/discounts Visual appeal of packaging 8. Which is your most preferred channel for purchasing a fruit drink? a) Retail store/grocery store b) Supermarket/hypermarket c) Cineplex d) Pan shop/kiosks e) Restaurants f) Travel g) Others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Which is the most important characteristic for choosing the channel? Pricing Ambience Location/ nearness Service Display /merchandising Reputation Occasion Others Personal Details 1. Age a) b) c) d) 17-20 21-24 25-28 29 and above 2. Gender: a) Male b) Female 3. Education a) b) c) d) e) High school Undergraduate Graduate Postgraduate Others.

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